Methodologies and Other Reference Materials

JRC Accident Analysis Benchmarking Exercise

The links on this page were last updated on 8 July 2024.  If you find a broken link, please write us at:  JRC-MINERVA-INFO@ec.europa.eu

General information

• A mini guide to root cause analysis (Vorley)

• A review of accident modelling approaches for complex critical cociotechnical systems (Qureshi)

• Accident investigation (RSSB)

• Accident investigation: From searching direct causes to finding in-depth causes – Problem of analysis or/and of analyst? (Dien et al.)

• Accident investigation techniques (Oshwiki)
• Barriers to learning from incidents and accidents (ESReDA)

• Can we examine safety culture in accident investigations, or should we? (Strauch)

• Comparison of some selected methods for accident investigation (Sklet)
• Engineering a Safer World (Leveson)
• Guidance for safety investigation of accidents (ESReDA)
• Guidance on investigating and analysing human and organisational factors aspects of incidents and accidents (The Energy Institute)

• Guidelines for investigation of logistics incidents and identifying root causes (CEFIC, ECTA, FECC)

• Investigation of barriers and safety functions related to accidents (Ringdahl)

• Investigation tools in context (Frei et al.)
• Results and lessons learned from the ESReDA’s Accident Investigation Working Group: Introducing article to ‘‘Safety Science” special issue on ‘‘Industrial Events Investigation” (Dechy et al.)
• Risk analysis active learning through the investigation of real cases (Darbra et al.)
• Selection of Accident Investigation Methods (Pranger)
• Standardization of Barrier Definitions (International Organisation of Oil and Gas Producers)
• Storybuilder at https://www.rivm.nl/en/storybuilder 

• Study on Developments in Accident Investigation Methods: A Survey of the "State-of-the-Art (Hollnagel and Speziali)

• Systemic view on safety culture (Oedewals)
• Towards an evaluation of accident investigation methods in terms of their alignment with accident causation models (Katsakioros et al.)
• Understanding Human Behaviour and Error (Embrey)
• Investigating accidents and incidents: A workbook for employers, unions, safety representatives and safety professionals (UK Health and Safety Executive)

Models

• AcciMap
        Risk management in a dynamic society: A modelling problem (Rasmussen)
        Accimap approach (Wikipedia)
  •  A case study to compare the advantages and limits of two accident analysis methods (Vacher et al.)
     Integration of organisational aspects into learning from experience : illustration with a case study (LeCoze and Lim)
• AEB (Accident Evolution and Barrier Function)
        Accident Evolution and Barrier Function (Svenson)
• Barrier analysis
        Barrier analysis (Wikipedia)
• Bow Tie
  The bow tie is a widely used method and there are many guidances available on the web. For a general overview (with references), the Wikipedia web reference page is recommended.
         Bow tie diagramme (Wikipedia)
• Causal tree analysis
          Use of Causal tree method for investigation of incidents and accidents involving radioactive materials (de Vasconcelos et al.)
• Change analysis
  See Root Cause Analysis below
• Disc Framework Model
        System modeling with the DISC framework: Evidence from safety-critical domains (Reiman et al.)
• DREAM (CREAM) - Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method)
         A methodological study of the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM) (Norwegian Centre for Transport Research)
         CREAM Analysis of the Glenbrook Train Accident and Comparison with WBA (Parikh and Campbell)
• ESREDA Cube
          Evaluation of the ESReDA Cube Method for the Aviation Sector First analysis of the method’s applicability by applying it on 3 aviation cases
          (Martens)
• Event and causal factor charting/analysis (ECFA)
       Event and causal factor analysis (NERC)
• Event and conditional factor analysis (ECFA+)
        Events and conditional factors analysis (NRI)
• Event tree analysis
        Event tree analysis (Wikipedia)
• Fault tree analysis
        Fault tree analysis (Wikipedia)
• FRAM (Functional Analysis Resonance Model)
  • FRAM Module I
    Comparing a multi-linear (STEP) and systemic (FRAM) method for accident analysis (Herrera and Woltjer)
  • Analysis of Comair 5191 with the FRAM Model (Hollnagel et al.)
    FRAM Guidance
• GEMS (Generic Error Modelling System)
        Generic error modeling analysis (Skybrary)
• Human, Technology and Organisation (HTO) (originally MTO - Man, Technology, and Organisation)
        HTO (Bergland et al.)
• MORT (Management Oversight and Risk Tree)
  • MORT User's Manual
  • Integration of organisational aspects into learning from experience : illustration with a case study (LeCoze and Lim)
• MTO (Man, Technology and Organisation)
         See Human, Technology and Organisation above
• Quantitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)
  https://www.betterevaluation.org/methods-approaches/approaches/qualitative-comparative-analysis
• Root cause analysis
  • Root cause analysis (Wikipedia)
• Safety function analysis
      Analysing Safety Functions and Barriers - Experiences from Different Industrial Sectors (Ringdahl)
• SCAT (Systematic Cause Analysis Technique)
       This approach has been developed and is marketed by DNV
• SHELL (Software, Hardware, Environment and Liveware)
       SHELL Model (Aviation Knowledge)
        A human factors approach for the analysis and the encoding of aviation accidents and incidents: a validation study (Poliquen et al.)
        SHELL Model (Wikipedia)
• STAMP (Systems Theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes)
  • Applying STAMP in Accident Analysis
    
  • STAMP/CAST Case Study - Sewol-Ho Ferry Accident in South Korea
  • Other case studies using STAMP/CAST can be found under Fukushima and Macondo Case Studies on the Case Study References page
• STEP (Sequential Timed Events Plotting)
        Comparing a multi-linear (STEP) and systemic (FRAM) method for accident analysis (Herrera and Woltjer)
• Storybuilder
         Storybuilder 
• Swiss cheese model
       Swiss cheese model (Wikipedia)
        Revisiting the Swiss Cheese Model of Accidents (EUROCONTROL
•  TapRoot
  • About TapRoot
  • Example application of TapRoot (Skompski)
• TRIPOD (Based on Tripod Theory of Hazard, Target and Event)
        The home of the tripod beta accident investigation and analysis methodology
        Optimizing fact-finding in incident investigation and analysis using Tripod TRACK (Verhoeve et al.
         Tripod Beta User Guide