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- Isomerisation - To convert low-octane n-paraffins to high-octane iso-paraffins
-Delayed coker unit - heats a residual oil feed to its thermal cracking temperature in order to break the heavy, long chain hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil into coker gas oil and petroleum coke
-The alkylation unit - an acid catalyzed conversion of C3-C5 olefins with isobutane into highly branched C5-C12 isoparaffins collectively called alkylate, a valuable gasoline blending component. Alkylation reactions are catalyzed by liquid and solid acids, including H2SO4, AlCl3-HCl, HF, HF-BF3, H2SO4-HSO3F (Fluorosulfuric acid), Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid chlorided Pt alumina, BF3 on alumina, zeolites, and ion exchange resins.
-Gas treating processes - the process used to remove the so acid gases, espcially hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from the refinery gas streams.
-Storage and transfer - Every refinery has an internal network, sometimes kilometres long, of pipelines for transferring product and inputs between units. It also has tank storage areas to store product. External pipelines may also connect to various internal tanks and pipelines to manage the inflow and outflow of process inputs and products.
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